Pet owners hate to see their beloved pet ill or in pain, and many are tempted to give their pet their own medication to try to alleviate their condition. However, administering human medications without veterinary guidance holds many dangers for your pet. Human medications are potentially toxic and can cause various other adverse effects in pets, whether you feed them yourself, or if they accidentally ingest dropped pills or pills from bottles they chew open. 

To help pet owners better protect their cats and dogs, our Oriole Road Animal Hospital team outlines the risks of giving human medications to pets and shares necessary precautions that will help keep your four-legged friend safe.

The dangers of self-medicating pets with human medications

In a well-intentioned effort to alleviate their pet’s discomfort, some owners resort to human medications. However, this can be extremely dangerous and potentially fatal. Animals have different metabolisms and sensitivities compared with people, and certain medications that are safe for us can be toxic to them. Consulting your veterinarian before administering any medication to your pet is essential, because only veterinarians have the knowledge and expertise to prescribe the appropriate medications in dosages that are accurate and safe for your pet’s specific needs.

Common human medications that are toxic to pets

Many medications that are designed to improve human health have devastating effects on pets. For instance, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Ibuprofen and naproxen, which are commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in people, can cause severe gastrointestinal ulcers, kidney damage, and liver failure in pets. Another common medication, acetaminophen, found in many over-the-counter pain relievers, can be lethal to cats and cause severe liver damage in dogs.

Additionally, antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can lead to neurological problems, including seizures and tremors, while other medications, such as opioids, sleeping aids, and certain heart medications, can also be toxic to pets. You must keep these medications securely out of your pet’s reach to prevent accidental ingestion.

Drug toxicity signs in pets

Recognizing drug toxicity signs in pets is vital for early intervention and treatment. Signs will vary depending on the medication type ingested, but watch out for these general signs:

  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Excessive drooling
  • Appetite loss
  • Excessive thirst and urination
  • Agitation
  • Incoordination
  • Lethargy
  • Behavior changes
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Pale gums
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Tremors
  • Seizures
  • Coma

Some medications can ultimately cause organ failure in pets, but signs may take time to appear if the liver or kidneys begin shutting down. Always seek immediate veterinary care if you suspect your pet has ingested a toxic substance.

What to do if you suspect your pet has ingested a toxic substance

If you suspect that your pet has ingested a toxic substance, time is of the essence. Take these steps:

  • Stay calm
  • Gather as much information as possible about the medication ingested, including the name, strength, and quantity.
  • Contact our team or an animal poison control center immediately for guidance. You may be instructed to induce vomiting in your pet, depending on the situation, but never induce vomiting without professional advice, because you could worsen the situation. 

Drug toxicity prevention tips for pet owners

Prevention is the best course of action for drug toxicity in pets. Minimize the risk of accidental ingestion by:

  • Keeping medications out of reach — Store all medications in secure cabinets or high, inaccessible shelves. Remember—some pets are remarkably resourceful about finding and opening containers.
  • Following medication schedules — Stick to a routine when administering medications to yourself or family members to reduce the chances of leaving medications unattended where pets could find them.
  • Disposing of medications properly — When medications expire or are no longer needed, dispose of them safely. Follow local guidelines for proper medication disposal, as flushing them down the toilet or throwing them in the trash can harm the environment and potentially additionally expose pets.

Drug toxicity in pets is a hidden danger that can have severe consequences. By understanding the common human medications that are toxic to pets, recognizing drug toxicity signs, and taking preventive measures, you can protect your pet from harm. 

If you suspect your pet has ingested a toxic substance, immediately contact our Oriole Road Animal Hospital team, an animal poison control center, or your nearest emergency veterinary hospital. Remember—early intervention can save your pet’s life if they get their paws on human medications.